Dengue fever: what travellers need to know

Dreaming about exploring new destinations? Before you pack your bags, there’s one thing you may not have considered – dengue fever is on the rise globally.

The good news is that with a bit of awareness and some simple precautions, you can still enjoy your dream getaway. Here’s what you need to know about dengue and how to protect yourself on your travels.

Dengue fever, a mosquito-borne virus, is becoming an increasing concern for travellers. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the incidence of dengue has surged in recent decades. In 2024, over 13 million cases were reported globally by September, a record high that underscores the rapid spread of the virus.

And while dengue was once mostly limited to tropical areas, it is now present in more than 100 countries, including popular destinations in Asia, the Pacific Islands, South America, Africa, the Middle East, and even parts of Europe. So, it’s important to be aware of the risks before you travel.

There are a number of factors that have contributed to the surge in dengue cases, the main culprit being climate change. As temperatures rise and rainfall patterns shift, research shows that mosquitoes are moving into areas where they previously couldn’t survive, resulting in new outbreaks.

Unregulated urban growth in tropical and subtropical areas, where construction sites, stagnant water, and poor waste management are an issue, is also creating ideal breeding conditions for mosquitoes. And, of course, with more of us jetting off to exotic locations for holidays, there’s been a rise in cases of travellers bringing dengue home – a souvenir no one wants.

Dengue fever typically presents with symptoms three to 14 days after being bitten by an infected mosquito, often beginning with a sudden high fever lasting around six days. Symptoms can be mild, or intially present as mild. Many people also experience a severe headache behind the eyes, swollen glands, and joint and muscle pain (sometimes extreme). Fatigue, weakness, abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting are also common, and a skin rash may appear a few days into the illness.

In rare cases, dengue can lead to life-threatening complications. Symptoms of severe dengue fever include: severe abdominal pain, rapid breathing, persistent vomiting, and vomit with blood in it. If you notice any of these symptoms, consult a doctor or head straight to the emergency department immediately for treatment.

The good news is that you can lower your risk of getting dengue significantly. Begin by making yourself less of a target by applying mosquito repellent that contains DEET, picaridin, or oil of lemon eucalyptus. Always check the label for suitability for children and infants and follow the instructions for reapplication to maintain effectiveness.

Since mosquitoes are attracted to dark colours, opt for light-coloured, loose-fitting, long-sleeved shirts, long trousers, and closed-toe shoes. Not only will you be more comfortable, but you’ll add an extra barrier against bites.

Whenever possible, choose air-conditioned accommodation as sleeping in cooler rooms can help deter mosquitoes. If this isn’t an option, use mosquito netting to keep unwanted visitors out. Mozzies are most active during the early morning and late afternoon, so avoid open ponds, fountains, and other sources of stagnant water around these times. And, of course, try to avoid known areas of high transmission or recent outbreaks.

Let’s say you’ve done everything right, but you still manage to get bitten. If you suspect you have dengue fever, seek medical attention straight away, as early treatment can help prevent life-threatening complications. There’s no specific medication to treat the virus, but most people recover in about a week with rest, plenty of fluids, and taking paracetamol to reduce the fever.

In rare cases, dengue infections can be serious or even fatal. If you experience severe symptoms – intense abdominal pain, bleeding gums, or difficulty breathing – three to seven days after initial symptoms appear, seek emergency medical attention.

While dengue is getting a lot of attention, it’s not the only mosquito-borne illness travellers need to be aware of. Other common diseases include:

• Zika virus

• Chikungunya

• Yellow fever

• Malaria

• Japanese encephalitis

• West Nile virus

When planning any travel, consult with your doctor about necessary vaccines and preventative medications to ensure you’re protected and can simply focus on making memories.

Travelling soon? Consider nib Travel Insurance and get a quote.

To learn more about what’s covered, see nib travel insurance. Nib Health insurance members get a 10% discount off their travel insurance.*

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